Initiatives that clarified the concept of Open Access and analyzed its two main forms, the Gold and Green routes:
▪ Budapest Open Access Initiative (2002)
▪ Bethesda Statement on Open Access Publishing (2003)
▪ Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities (2003) – Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities
▪ Alhambra Declaration (2010), specific strategies for promoting Open Access in Southern Europe
▪ Budapest Open Access Initiative, 10 Years On (2012) – BOAI 10
▪ Budapest Open Access Initiative, 15 Years On (2017) – BOAI 15
▪ Open Access Declaration in Greece (SEAB)
▪ Barcelona Declaration for Open Research Information (2024)
▪ SPARC (Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition Europe)
A collaboration of academic, research, and national European libraries aiming to promote Open Access.
▪ OpenAIRE (Open Access Infrastructure for Research in Europe)
A European Commission-funded project aimed at creating an electronic infrastructure for archiving research publications from the 27 EU member states, as well as managing articles and research data sets.
▪ OA2020 (Open Access 2020)
An international alliance of scientific and research organizations aiming to accelerate the transition from subscription-based publishing models to Open Access systems. The main goal is to ensure that research articles are immediately freely accessible upon publication, while the costs of providing access are transparent, fair, and financially sustainable.
▪ cOAlition S
A partnership of national research funding agencies, supported by the European Commission. It designed and promoted Plan S, an initiative aiming to establish Open Access for scientific publications resulting from research funded by public or private organizations. Plan S requires the immediate and free availability of research articles, ensuring knowledge is accessible without restrictions.